Biomass energy in ethiopia pdf

Apr 02, 2015 biomass fuels firewood, agricultural residues, animal wastes and charcoal account for up to 90 percent of the energy supply of ethiopia 1. Existing biomass plants in india, kenya, mauritius and ethiopia are already proving successful, by cogenerating power with agricultural waste. Biomass wastes can be transformed into clean energy andor fuels by a variety of technologies, ranging from conventional combustion process to stateofthe art thermal depolymerization technology. However, despite all attention given to energy issues in ethiopia in the past, rural communities continue to be deprived of basic energy services. This is in line with development strategy as stated in the vision 2040, a transformed ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country within 30 years. Po box 1611, montpelier, vermont 05601 ph 8022237770 fax 8022237772. It has one of the lowest rates of access to modern energy services, whereby the energy supply is primarily based on biomass. The utilization of biomass as energy source in india is more because, about 70% of people are living in rural areas. The rural population of ethiopia entirely depends on biomass for everyday energy needs except for light. Ethiopia has a huge biomass energy potential with estimates putting the national woody biomass stock at 1,149 million tonnes with annual yields of. Potentials, opportunities and sustainable utilization v p a g e abstract ethiopia is a nation endowed with huge amount of water, wind, solar and geothermal energy potentials. Potential of bioenergy production in ethiopia based on.

Pdf assessment of biomass fuel resource potential and. The future role of thermal biomass power in renewable. Biomass is set to play an increasing role in the supply of energy, both in the industrialised world and in developing countries, as concern for the state of the global environment grows. Decentralized biomass boilers are an emerging technology in constant development 18. Efficiency, scale, and sustainability energy supply and use is a national priority and a major focus of national, state, and local policy makers across the united states. Pdf biomass power for energy and sustainable development.

The heavy reliance on biomass energy has become a major cause of land resources degradation and a contributor to greenhouse gases ghg. Total primary energy demand for energy sources in africa iea, 2010 figure 3. It is available in the form of wood, agricultural residues, and food grains. The focus is on exploring the role of renewable energy in climate change mitigation and adaptation in the ethiopian context. In many developing countries particularly subsaharan africa, traditional biomass energy dominates national. Highlights of the ethiopian energy sector samson tsegaye, country director, solar energy foundation june 2729. The households of zege, on average, had a total annual tree based wood harvest of 3. Current energy situation 3 potential 45,000 mw current 3,810 mw gtp ii 11015mw 2020 potential 5. The ministry of energy and mineral development memd thus saw it fit to launch the biomass energy strategy for uganda best. Pdf enhancing biomass energy efficiency in rural households. The primary source of energy in ethiopia is biomass, which accounts for 91% of energy consumed. Biomass energy is a major source of rural energy in ethiopia. In ethiopia traditional biomass burning supplies more than 92% of national energy consumption. Besides recovery of substantial energy, these technologies can lead to a substantial reduction in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal, which can be better managed for safe disposal.

National bank of ethiopia and eep leading subsectors engineering services to supply more renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass municipal landfills, organic waste as well as hydropower, are highly desired in ethiopia. Biomass energy strategy best ethiopia eu energy initiative. A sustainable innovation that can improve this situation is domestic biogas. Plants absorb the suns energy in a process called photosynthesis. Despite these all, consumption of biomass fuel has been increasing at average annual increment of 2. These inland resources are almost entirely traditional renewables from biomass and biofuels like wood and wastes. Figure 2 total energy consumption, biomass energy consumption and population in africa 2005 3 figure 3 number of deaths from indoor air pollutionrelated health complications 8 figure 4 beneficiaries in the charcoal value chain before and after reform 19. Household cooking fuel choice and adoption of improved. The utilization of biomass as energy source in india is more because, about.

Therefore, ethiopia produces its primary energy exclusively from inland resources. The system has been recognized as having significant effect on natural resource degradation, harmful health hazards and negative economic consequences. Ethiopian energy systems potentials, opportunities and. Learn about the first wastetoenergy project in africa, the reppie wastetoenergy project. Biomass energy is an abundant, secure, environmental friendly, and renewable source of energy. Development of alternative energy from renewable sources such as wind, geothermal, solar, biomass as well as energy efficiency measures will be a key part of ethiopias energy mix and integrated with the countrys new climate resilient green. Ethiopia has a capacity of 1,350 gw of energy from wind. While ethiopia has seen dramatic economic growth in recent years, sustaining this growth into the future will require dramatic expansion of energy supply. Efficiency, scale, and sustainability energy supply and use is a national priority and a major focus of national, state, and local policy makers. For half a century, the koshe dump site has been the only landfill in addis ababa. Biomass for energy and the environment 1st edition. Biogas forms when paper, food scraps, and yard waste decompose in landfills, and it can be produced by processing sewage and. Ethiopia is a country on the brink of an energy revolution, but requires significant assistance to realize its potential, particularly in the areas of geothermal, wind and solar and biomass resources as longterm options for power generation for both local industrialization and as a potential source of fx earnings.

One of the major advantages of biomass is that it can be. The goal of this assessment is to contribute towards promoting renewable energy for improved energy access and security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and environmental sustainability in general. Important driving factors to consider when assessing biomass potential 20 figure 5. Other than for electricity, biomass is expected to continue to. Household energy demand and its impact on the ecological. Energy potential from biomass residues in ethiopia is assessed at 750 pj per year. Hence, innovative investment on renewable biomass based fuels e. Structure of the analysis followed in this report 15 figure 4. Biomass is in direct competition with coal and natural gas, the main sources displaced in the. Traditional energy sources are fuelwood, charcoal, dung cakes blt modern energy is mainly products of petroleum and electricity.

Solid biomass such as wood, charcoal and agricultural residues has been used since ancient times for cooking and heating purposes and more recently to generate electricity. Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel. Ethiopian energy production capacities per sources of energy in 2014. Reducing biomass utilization in the ethiopia energy system mdpi. As part of its effort to help lebanon increase its renewable energy production, the eu has financed the construction of a new biomass briquettes production plant in north lebanons koura. Reppie wastetoenergy project is part of that grand strategy, ethiopian president mulatu teshome said. Hence, innovative investment on renewable biomass based fuels. Forest residue is the most abundant and has a great potential of bioenergy 46. A common type of renewable biofuel is wood for heating or cooking in households, a type of resource, that is increasingly overused and overconsumed due to the ethiopian population growth.

Biomass is a carbonneutral energy source, since the biomass. Without any major change in policy, the number of people relying on traditional biomass fuels in 2030 is expected to remain. Biomass power for energy and sustainable development article pdf available in environmental engineering and management journal 75 september 2008 with 1,989 reads how we measure reads. Biomass energy is an important source of energy for majority of the worlds population. Biomass fuels firewood, agricultural residues, animal wastes and charcoal account for up to 90 percent of the energy supply of ethiopia 1.

Biomass can also be converted into a gas called biogas or into liquid biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Methods of extracting biomass energy biomass can be converted to thermal energy, liquid, solid or gaseous fuels and other chemical products through a variety of conversion processes. Pdf reducing biomass utilization in the ethiopia energy system. The traditional system, particularly during cooking, incurs among others huge energy loss that could have been used otherwise. Renewable energy for heating comes either from decentralized equipment in buildings or from centralized generation and its further distribution 17. Biomass is a natural resource used all over the world for different purposes, including energy. Biomass consumption accounts for over 98% of total supply in the residential sector. The excessive deforestation, which led to the depletion of tree stock, caused what is known as the household energy crisis in ethiopia. Biomass biomass is renewable source of energy produced in nature through photosynthesis achieved by solar energy conversion and it play dual role in greenhouse gas mitigation 4 both as an energy source and as a carbon sink. Partnership dialogue facility euei pdf co deutsche. Households fuel choice, improved cooking stoves, energy access. Petroleum supplies about 7% of total primary energy and electricity accounts for only 2% of total energy use. Euei pdf supported the ethiopian ministry of energy, irrigation and water to properly manage the countrys biomass energy resources on national and regional.

Biomass distribution across the country is uneven, with the northern highlands and eastern lowlands having low biomass cover. The solid biomass portal provides an overview of biomass related information on energypedia. Coffee husk coffee is a major commodity exportearner for ethiopia, accounting for 61% by value of the countrys annual commodity exports. At the global level, the current share of biomass as. Renewable energy and climate change nexus in ethiopia.

Look for specific topics, latest articles or uploaded documents and announce upcoming. The possibility for the acceleration of commercial production has received support from the increasing involvement of the large power producers and the growing. In wastetoenergy incineration plants, rubbish is burned in a combustion chamber. When biomass is burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as heat. Energy poverty can be eradicated by decentralized bioenergy generation. Ethiopias wastetoenergy plant is a first in africa. Enhancing biomass energy efficiency in rural households of. With traditional biomass being used as the primary source of energy in all sectors, there is huge demand for the development of alternative biomass energy technologies in ethiopia. Led strategy includes switching from brown coal to biomass wood denmark. Modern forms of energy are simply not available in.

Approximately 34 % of its over 100 million inhabitants live below poverty line. However, according to the 2015 iea energy balance table, ethiopia depends heavily on biomass for its final energy use. Traditional energy sources are fuelwood, charcoal, dung cakes blt modern energy is mainly products of petroleum and electricity petroleum product is the major part from modern energy. The use of biomass energy is expected to increase in the near future, with growth in population. As the city has expanded, the landfill which used to lie on the outskirts of the ethiopian capital has become part of the urban landscape, sprawling over an area the size of 36 football pitches and. India derives the bulk of its cooking energy needs from solid fuels, such as firewood, crop residues or cattle dung 3. Solid biomass, such as wood and garbage, can be burned directly to produce heat. Ethiopia has annual total solar energy reserve of 2. And more recently, biomass energy is being adopted in asia and africa, where decentralised biomass plants provide electricity to communities who arent connected to a national power grid. Assessment of biomass fuel resource potential and utilization. The future role of thermal biomass power in renewable energy. Publisheddocumentsethiopia%20firstindcethiopia100615. Between 1990 and 2011, residential lobal g biomass consumption increased by 173 mtoe, an average of 1. This paper aims to analyze the biomass consumption in the ethiopia energy system, and.

The project provides support to the koura union of municipalities in facing energy sustainability challenges. Household cooking fuel choice and adoption of improved cookstoves in developing countries. However, quantity of biomass use and growth rates by region varied greatly. Reppie will dispose of 1,400 tons of waste a day and produce 185gwh of electricity in the capital of ethiopia. This paper analyses the current status of the domestic biogas sector in ethiopia and. Biomass is the only significant renewable energy source of heat in industry to date. Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and it is a renewable source of energy. Background and justification access to modern energy is a key element in rural development. Results and recommendations from implementation of the global bioenergy partnership indicators sustainability of biogas and solid biomass value. Improved biomass cook stoves for climate change mitigation. Biomass resources can be classified as woody biomass, agricultural waste and municipal solid waste.

Biomass energy strategy ethiopia eu energy initiative partnership. The resulting heat is used to boil water until it turns to steam, which drives a turbine generator that produces electricity. This has been causing different environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Saharan africa, 68% to 90% of the population relies on biomass fuels rehfuess 2006, smith et al. Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world. Households consumption pattern and demand for energy in. Electricity is about to replace diesel as the main energy carrier in ethiopia but taken all refined oil products altogether 38. Learn about the first wasteto energy project in africa, the reppie wasteto energy project. The predominant source of energy in ethiopia is biomass energy and accounts about how to cite this paper. To exploit and utilize the resources, integrated research and development is vital. Wood energy in developed economies many industrialized countries have already developed ambitious energy transition plans integrating wood energy. Energy resources biomass ethiopia has a huge biomass energy potential with estimates putting the national woody biomass stock at 1,149 million tonnes with annual yields of 50 million tonnes in the year 2000.