Design is based on narrow slit modified minkowski island fractal geometry. The design of ceramic minkowski fractal antenna scientific. Fractal microstrip antenna aids wideband applications. The 10db return loss bandwidth at upper resonating frequency band is 4. Multiband patch antenna structure based on minkowski prefractal geometry, journal of engineering and applied sciences, jeas, vol. To achieve the circular polarization a truncated corner square patch technique is adopted. Study the characteristics of an antenna fractal for instance, the return loss, vswr, input impedance and radiation pattern prove that fractal shaped antennas have multiband behaviour design a cohen minkowski monopole with ansoft hfss see chapter4 and ads see chapter5 antenna implementation comparison between simulation and developed antennas.
The fractal antenna is based on the use of alumina circuit substrate with relative dielectric constant e r of 9. The study with different iterative degree of koch and minkowski fractal antennas and different ratio coefficient of minkowski fractal antennas are also presented. As shown in figure 1, the first order minkowski fractal gap is etched in the rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonator, where the blue region is the fractal gap. Table 4 shows that the previous fractal antennas have circular polarization radiation, such as those reported in, which is the giuseppe peano fractal antenna that covered the frequency band of 1. The proposed micro strip patch antenna which is based on minkowski fractal shape is constructed and fabricated by using fr4 epoxy as antenna substrate material. The antenna is fed by microstrip feeding technique. Multiband operation with circular polarization 4 of radiation was obtained by combining square and giuseppe peano fractal geometries, which were realized on two layer. Design of circularly polarized modified minkowski fractal. In this article, a novel minkowski fractal patch antenna for size and backscattering radar crosssection rcs reduction is proposed. Highgain and circularly polarized fractal antenna array. For comparison, a koch fractal patch antenna is proposed at the same time. The radiating patch is modified in several steps to achieve a multiband circularly polarized antenna. A small planar modied minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in dual frequency bands.
Then, three units of dmssrr had been added to the front side of the minkowski fractal antenna. A compact, square shaped microstrip fractal antenna with asymmetrical pairs of tslits for circularly polarized cp radiation and radio frequency identification rfid reader applications is proposed and experimentally investigated. Uhf tag antennas are linearly polarized while tags objects containing codes are. Kavitha2, 1assistant professor,2associate professor. Design triband fractal antenna with minkowski island split. The starting geometry of the minkowski fractal antenna is the initiator square patch, and the successive iterations of fractal antenna is obtained by replacing each of the four straight sides of the starting structure with the generator with indentation as shown in the figure 3. This hybrid generator curve is then superimposed on moore curve to get.
The effective current path on the resonant patch can be effectively increased by the fracturing of the resonant patch, in which the antenna miniaturization can be realized 1. Key words square patch, fractal antenna, return loss, directivity, gain, voltage standing wave ratio i. Introduction square patch fractal antenna is a good example of the properties of fractal boundary patch antennas. International journal of antennas and propagation hindawi. Furthermore it is shown that the surface area occupied by the antenna is reduced compared with. Then, the addition of several sizes of the minkowski island split ring resonator on the substrate had been generated triband resonant frequencies.
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume such fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel and space filling curves, but the key aspect. By changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is. This paper designed a ceramic minkowski fractal antenna used in rfid system. Double orthogonal phase stubs technique for minkowski fractal reflectarray antenna.
A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based. Pdf a new compact patch antenna design for circular. It is observed that the minkowski fractal dra yields the widest impedance bandwidth along with stable gain amongst the three proposed geometries. Design triband fractal antenna with minkowski island. On the performance properties of the minkowski island fractal. Hybrid fractal antenna using meander and minkowski curves. Dualfrequency miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide. Fractal antennas for wireless communications intechopen. Prior to fabrication, better performance parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, gain, current distribution, impedance, vswr are achieved. Analysis of mushroomtype electromagnetic bandgap structure using fractal geometry on a hexagonal patch antenna 17. Analysis of fractal antenna was done by using the software named cst microwave studio suite 12. Antenna polarization, much like polarization with light, and nothing to do with arctic weather, and everything to do with the transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation based on its orientation. Comparison between simulated gain of conventional microstrip patch and minkowski fractal antennas.
The antenna size is reduced by 20% using 1st minkowski fractal radiation patch, and the tr isolation is improved by 2db with the hshaped loaded capacitance and hshaped slots compared with double hshaped slots. The proposed paper presents a minkowski fractal microstrip antenna loaded with slots operating at a frequency of 1. The dimension of the ground plane was chosen to be 3 x 3 cm 2. The side length of the square patch antenna is half of the, since the radiation. Design of circularly polarized modified minkowski fractal based. We then repeat that same process on each triangle this is the iteration method that will give rise to the fractal. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band at. Minkowski fractal, rfid reader, microstrip antenna. The minkowski island fractal of one iteration m1 is formed by displacing the middle third of each side by some fraction of. The first fractal antennas were, in fact, fractal arrays, with fractal arrangements of antenna elements, and not recognized initially as having selfsimilarity as their attribute. Iteration 2 makes for 18 total triangles that make up the antenna. In recent years, there have been many reports on the miniaturization and high order mode suppression of patch antenna by fractal technology 2 4.
Firstorder minkowski fractal circularly polarized slot. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four symmetrical pairs of tslits at the square. The proposed antenna exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 64% 5. A compact single probe feed minkowski fractal boundary patch antenna based on his high impedance surface is proposed for dual band dual polarization. On the performance properties of the minkowski island. Koch boundary on the square patch microstrip antenna for. As the fractal iteration increases, perimeter of patch increases and effective area of antenna decreases. Below is the radiation pattern from simulation to an antenna without iteration, oneiteration and. Multiband patch antenna structure based on minkowski pre fractal geometry, journal of engineering and applied sciences, jeas, vol. Minkowski fractal patch antenna for size and radar cross. Design and simulation of compact dualband microstrip. Design and analysis of square patch fractal antenna for c. Ultra wideband octagonal fractal antenna using minkowski. A miniaturization of loop antenna using the fractal technique is known as minkowski square loop antenna.
The design process starts by a simple hexagon patch antenna fed by a microstrip line and simulated in the frequency range of 3. With light polarization, a film or glass will appear darker, and block, light which is polarized in a certain direction, while allowing correctly polarized light. The analysis of these antennas is been performed with in. Apart from this, it can be used for various other applications as well because of its multiband feature.
The first fractal antenna is based on the koch curve geometry. Firstly, a basic minkowski island had been simulated in the cst microwave studio. Iteration 1 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. Figure 5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. Design analysis of a cross slot patch antenna for hotspot. A single feed circularly polarized minkowski fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented. Iteration 2 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. The length of partial ground plane is varied to optimize the bandwidth and gain of antenna. Minkowski fractal circularly polarized planar antenna for. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual. Simulations and tests shows that the antenna is circular polarized and have a.
Minkowski fractal antenna design with dmssrr and dgssrr. Jalal a miniaturized multiband minkowskilike prefractal patch antenna for gps and 3g imt2000 handsets, asian journal of information. The minkowski fractal patch can be obtained by replacing each side of square patch by minkowski fractal curve of 2nd stage. A circularly polarized, broad bandwidth, squarering patch antenna for radiofrequency identification rfid is proposed.
There are different shapes and types of antennas designed for the variations in antenna characteristics. The upper substrate uses the ptfe material with a permittivity of 2. It was decided to design a patch antenna from the theoretical study since it fulfils all the requirements for the antenna. Minkowski fractal circularly polarized planar antenna for gps.
It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges bouligand to calculate this dimension for a fractal. The most popular models for the analysis of microstrip patch antennas are the transmission line model, cavity model, and fullwave model which include primarily integral equationsmoment method. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band. While the minkowski fractal antenna has gain for dual bands, for example 7. The effective current path on the resonant patch can be effectively increased by the fracturing of the resonant patch, in which the antenna miniaturization can be realized. By changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is establishe. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated and has successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. After that, a pair of dgssrr had been added to the ground plane of the antenna. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband. The proposed antenna resonates at five frequencies 1. Research article design of a small modified minkowski fractal. In some cases, the fractal geometry does not accomplish the need. Minkowski fractal curve gives its contribution to make antenna multiband.
In this paper, hybrid fractal antenna hfa is designed using three popular fractal curves koch, minkowski and moore. August 4, 2018 abstract fractal structure is implemented in such a way to. By changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is established that a very good circular polarization with 3 db axial ratio bandwidth of about 1. Fractal antennas for wireless communication systems. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four. The first work is started by designing a normal minkowski patch antenna. The paper presents a design of microstrip patch antenna mpa using hybrid fractal slot koch minkowski and kochkoch along with partial ground plane for wideband applications. A new fractalbased miniaturized dual band patch antenna for. Design and simulation of compact multiband fractal.
A small planar modified minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in dual. It used minkowski fractal structure as the radiation patch and the high performance ceramic material to reduce the antenna size, then improve it with rectangular joint structure in the antenna s ground plate. Antenna configurations to be created, such as in figure 2, is the monopole antenna square patch with fractal geometry of minkowski on a modified at second iteration and on its groundplane. Firstorder minkowski fractal circularly polarized slot loop. A fractal dualpolarized microstrip antenna is presented as the element of a retrodirective array. Figure5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four symmetrical pairs of tslits at the square patch boundary of the singleprobefeed radiator. Hilbert curve is used as complementary split ring resonator to investigate the effect of the fractal. A wideband minkowski fractal dielectric resonator antenna. The conventional microstrip patch antenna has single band in which its. The fractal antenna is simulated using cst microwave studio simulator. Then, the addition of several sizes of the minkowski island split ring resonator on the substrate had been generated triband resonant. The generation procedure for the patch with minkowski fig.
Design of circular polarized dual band patch antenna. A compact, square shaped microstrip fractal antenna with asymmetrical pairs of t slits for circularly polarized cp radiation and radio. Minkowski fractal boundary single feed circularly polarized. To obtain circular polarization, the patch was fed by two microstrip lines with orthogonal phas microstrip lines are printed on the substrate. And the two parts of the antenna are printed on either sides of a thin substrate, thus a lowpro. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is taken as the generator of the fractal antenna. In this paper, an octagonal monopole fractal antenna for ultra wideband uwb applications is presented.
Figure 2 construction of the minkowski like fractal structure 17 a. In, f shaped fractal antenna structure has been used whereas in 8 tshaped fractal microstrip antenna has been designed for wireless networks. Hexagonal fractal multiband antenna for uwb 1820 and with dgs 21,22. A novel fractal based circularly polarized gps antenna is designed to meet the bandwidth requirements of satellite receiver 30 mhz operating at a fr. The generator curve is created by adding minkowski curve and invert of koch curve. Frequency and polarization reconfigurable fractal microstrip. In fractal geometry, the minkowskibouligand dimension, also known as minkowski dimension or boxcounting dimension, is a way of determining the fractal dimension of a set s in a euclidean space r n, or more generally in a metric space x, d. This stacked structure is not suitable for compact antenna, especially for some. The pattern cut is orthogonal to the plane of the loop fig. Minkowski fractal is also compared with koch fractal and sierpinski curve geometries. In this paper, minkowski fractal antenna for bluetooth application has been designed. Koch fractalbased hexagonal patch antenna for circular. Minkowski fractal patch antenna is shown in figure 3. Its advantage is that it can be easily fabricated as it is a just conducting strip connecting to the patch and therefore, can be considered as an.
Moore, minkowski and koch curves based hybrid fractal. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal. Figure 1 shows the structure of the minkowski fractal dualpolarized microstrip antenna. Jaafar 3 1college of science, babylon university hilla, iraq, email.
Minkowski gasket is one of the earliest structures of fractal geometry. It should be pointed out that the area of m1 is 37. A new fractalbased miniaturized dual band patch antenna. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based on. The antenna consists of a square patch with the patch width ws, the feeder to match the impedance. It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges. The fractal geometry used here is sierpinski carpets method.
His based dual band dual polarized minkowski fractal patch antenna. It is observed that the selfsimilar structure of minkowski like fractal geometry laterally with the basic octagonal patch shape having modified ground structure provides the uwb operating bandwidth because of the multiple resonances. As shown in figure 2, compared with rectangular gap, fractal gap can cut the current lines, increasing the effective radiation aperture of cavitybacked antenna, and then the resonance point moves to low frequency to achieve. Hexagonal patch with a combination of koch 23,24 and trapezoidal elements added on the edges 25. Antenna s performance is then compared with equilateral koch, minkowski and sierpinski fractal geometries. Design and analysis of hexagon microstrip patch sierpinski. Todays world, multiband antenna has immensely beneficial for fulfill the requirements of wireless communication. Similarly, increasing the diagonal length di of the fractal patch in figure 4b can increase the resonance length of mode b and make move to low frequency. Waveguide quartermode cavitybacked antenna based on minkowski fractal gap with orthogonal polarization. The minkowski fractal patch is inverted on the upper substrate protected. Double orthogonal phase stubs technique for minkowski fractal. By applying the same procedure on m1, the minkowski island fractal of second iteration m2 is obtained.
Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for passive. In this analysis, we have compared the antenna parameters such as gain, impedance, antenna efficiency, radiation efficiency, radiation pattern. The antenna consists of two dielectric substrate layers each with a thickness of h 1 and sizes of 40. Providing with high bandwidth, increasing reduction percentage of antenna. Antenna, microstrip, fractal, minkowski, dual band. While discussing fractal shapes, minkowski is the most known fractal shape used. Frequency and polarization reconfigurability is achieved by introducing four slots on the fractal shaped patch with pin didoes as switches across them. In 14, the antenna has been designed using minkowski fractal patch for 5. The paper investigates the effect of minkowski island split ring resonator misrr on the microstrip fractal patch antenna. In recent years, there have been many reports on the miniaturization and high order mode suppression of patch antenna by fractal technology 24. Minkowski fractal boundary single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna by changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is established that a very good circular polarization with 3 db axial ratio bandwidth of about 1. Nov 01, 2008 a single feed circularly polarized minkowski fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented.
In the present paper a detailed study of a new compacted hexagon microstrip patch antenna using fractal ground plane and shorting pin is presented. Decreasing the length of di can make move to high frequency, as shown in figure 8b according to the above principle, the resonant frequency of antenna can be determined by adjusting the length of di and dj according to users needs. Jalal a miniaturized multiband minkowski like pre fractal patch antenna for gps and 3g imt2000 handsets, asian journal of information. A new compact patch antenna design for circular polarization applications based on 3rd iteration minkowski like pre fractal geometry conference paper pdf available january 2008 with 57 reads.
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